Program Overview
This program explores the formation and control of particulate matter (PM) emissions in internal combustion engines, focusing on diesel and gasoline engine dynamics. The course covers fundamental PM composition, soot formation mechanisms, the impact of engine parameters, and the role of aftertreatment systems like Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF). Participants gain practical insights through case studies and diagnostic exercises, addressing real-world PM challenges such as soot formation, fuel quality issues, and DPF efficiency. Through situational awareness, real-life examples, and interactive simulations, attendees learn to optimize engine performance, troubleshoot emission problems, and ensure regulatory compliance.
Features
- Understand the chemical processes and sources of particulate matter (PM) in IC engines
- Diagnose and resolve PM issues by optimizing engine variables like injection timing, fuel quality, and air-path conditions
- Analyze aftertreatment technologies (DPF, DOC) and their role in PM reduction strategies
- Apply real-world solutions to mitigate PM emissions, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards
Target audiences
- Engine development engineers
- Emissions and aftertreatment engineers
- Calibration and diagnostics engineers
- R&D, validation, and testing engineers
- Quality and fleet management teams
Curriculum
- 6 Sections
- 48 Lessons
- 1 Day
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- Fundamentals of PM Emission & Soot Formation in IC Engines6
- 1.1What is PM? – PM10, PM2.5, ultrafine particles (UFP)
- 1.2PM composition: organic fraction, sulfate/ash, elemental carbon
- 1.3Particle size distribution (nucleation mode, accumulation mode)
- 1.4Fundamentals of soot formation chemistry
- 1.5Diesel vs gasoline PM behaviour (GDI engines, soot nucleation)
- 1.6Key Concepts: Fuel–air stratification; Spray-wall impingement; Nucleation vs accumulation particles; Agglomeration & coagulation; Aromatic content influence
- Sources of PM & Impact of Engine Parameters on Soot Formation10
- 2.1Impact of injection timing, multiple injections, rail pressure
- 2.2Swirl/tumble air motion → soot region formation
- 2.3Fuel atomization, droplet size distribution, nozzle hole wear
- 2.4EGR effects: higher soot due to oxygen dilution
- 2.5Turbocharger lag → spike in PM during transients
- 2.6Cold start, low-load & high-altitude PM rise
- 2.7Situation Based Learning : Soot rise due to poor injector spray pattern
- 2.8High PM during WLTC/WHTC due to transient air–fuel mismatch
- 2.9Unburnt HC causing soot at tailpipe during catalyst light-off
- 2.10Influence of biodiesel blends on PM formation
- PM Health & Environmental Impact + Regulatory Standards5
- PM Reduction Strategies & DPF Technology Concepts + Situational Awareness + Real Examples10
- 4.1Combustion optimization for PM reduction
- 4.2Rail pressure, multi-stage injections, boost behaviour
- 4.3Role of DOC in NOâ‚‚ creation for passive regeneration
- 4.4DPF working: filtration, cake layer, backpressure rise
- 4.5Passive vs active regeneration
- 4.6Thermal runaway, ash accumulation, substrate cracking
- 4.7Case Studies : High backpressure issues from ash accumulation
- 4.8Failed regenerations in city buses
- 4.9DPF efficiency drop due to bad fuel quality
- 4.10Soot loading misprediction causing warranty failures
- Applied Case Studies – PM Diagnostics & Troubleshooting8
- 5.1Soot spike during transient operation due to turbo lag
- 5.2DPF clogging in cold-region fleets
- 5.3Injector deterioration increasing PM at low loads
- 5.4Poor acceleration smoke due to EGR valve sticking
- 5.5Tools : Analyzing PM/PN traces
- 5.6Linking smoke opacity to soot chemistry
- 5.7DPF pressure drop analysis
- 5.8Identifying root cause: Air-path / injection / fuel / calibration / DPF
- Interactive Group Simulation – Improve PM Emissions of a Test Cycle9
- 6.1Exercise : Teams receive: PM/PN data logs
- 6.2Injection maps
- 6.3EGR traces
- 6.4Turbocharger speed & boost data
- 6.5DPF inlet/outlet pressure traces
- 6.6Task : Diagnose why PM exceeds limits during a certification cycle and propose calibration + hardware countermeasures
- 6.7Expected Outputs : Root-cause identification
- 6.8Immediate calibration levers
- 6.9Long-term hardware or control strategy solutions
Instructor
