Program Overview
This intensive program provides engineering and calibration teams with a comprehensive understanding of how HC (unburnt hydrocarbons) and CO (incomplete combustion by-products) are formed in internal combustion engines. Explore chemical pathways, combustion phenomena, quenching effects, crevice volumes, SI vs CI engine behaviours, and the influence of AFR, ignition/injection timing, spray quality, and fuel properties. Blended with real industry case studies, cold-start HC spikes, CO rise from aging catalysts, injector deposit issues, the program offers high situational awareness into common emission problems across OEMs and fleets. Through targeted exercises and simulations involving emission data, cylinder pressure traces, and OBD correlation, participants learn to diagnose root causes and propose effective, engineering-driven corrective measures to reduce HC and CO emissions.
Features
- Understand HC & CO formation mechanisms in SI and CI engines under real-world operating conditions
- Diagnose combustion-related HC/CO issues using emission traces, OBD data, and pressure/HRR analyses
- Identify calibration, hardware, and fuel-related contributors to incomplete combustion
- Recommend corrective actions to reduce HC & CO emissions and improve catalyst conversion effectiveness
Target audiences
- Engine development, combustion & calibration engineers
- Emissions, aftertreatment & regulatory compliance teams
- R&D, testing, validation & vehicle integration engineers
- Quality, warranty, durability & field service engineering teams
- Operations, plant technical & fleet maintenance personnel handling emission issues
Curriculum
- 6 Sections
- 49 Lessons
- 1 Day
Expand all sectionsCollapse all sections
- Fundamentals of HC & CO Emissions11
- 1.1Importance & harmful effects of HC & CO
- 1.2Definitions: unburnt hydrocarbons, CO as incomplete combustion indicator
- 1.3Regulatory context (BS-VI, Euro-VI)
- 1.4Relationship between combustion efficiency & emission formation
- 1.5Case Based Example: How HC & CO behave during cold start, idling, transients
- 1.6Impact of AFR, ignition timing, mixture preparation, wall quenching
- 1.7Fuel properties (volatility, oxygen content)
- 1.8Case Based Examples: High CO in GDI engines during cold start
- 1.9HC spikes due to misfire or poor vaporisation
- 1.10Case: CO increase from aging catalytic converter
- 1.11Activity: Analyse cold-start HC/CO graphs & identify root causes
- HC & CO Emission Mechanism & Sources10
- 2.1Chemical pathways behind HC & CO formation
- 2.2Quenching layers, crevice volumes, incomplete oxidation
- 2.3SI vs CI engine emission mechanisms
- 2.4Case Based Example: Injector deposits, poor spray atomisation
- 2.5EGR impact on HC/CO
- 2.6Poor combustion phasing & cylinder-to-cylinder variation
- 2.7Case Based Examples: Engine-out HC rise due to injector clogging
- 2.8CO rise from weak ignition coil
- 2.9Case: crevice HC in high-compression engines
- 2.10Activity: Identify emission sources from sample engine traces
- HC & CO Formation in SI Engines9
- 3.1HC formation from wall quenching & incomplete flame propagation
- 3.2CO formation under rich and transient conditions
- 3.3Effects of ignition timing, tumble, mixture preparation
- 3.4Case Based Example: GDI wall wetting & particulate-HC correlation
- 3.5Idle instability leading to CO spikes
- 3.6Catalyst light-off timing & performance
- 3.7Case Based Learning: HC surge during cold catalyst conditions
- 3.8CO spikes due to suboptimal spark calibration
- 3.9Activity: Evaluate SI engine maps to identify calibration zones contributing to HC/CO
- HC & CO Formation in CI Engines9
- 4.1Poor mixing, over-lean pockets, low-temperature combustion behaviour
- 4.2Effects of injection timing, fuel spray, swirl & turbulence
- 4.3CO formation during cold operation & low-load conditions
- 4.4Case Based Example: Real driving emissions challenges
- 4.5Impact of biodiesel blends on HC/CO formation
- 4.6DPF/SCR interactions influencing CO/HC oxidation
- 4.7Case Based Learning: HC rise due to late injection in CRDi
- 4.8CO increases from poor pilot injection strategy
- 4.9Activity: Interpret cylinder pressure & HRR graphs to find combustion zones producing HC/CO
- Diagnostics, Reduction Strategies & Failure Analysis8
- 5.1Engine-out vs tailpipe HC/CO
- 5.2Catalyst oxidation reactions
- 5.3Sensor roles: O₂, lambda, temp sensors
- 5.4Case Base Example: Diagnostic challenges: misfire detection, lambda drift
- 5.5HC/CO spikes due to catalyst ageing or thermal damage
- 5.6Case Based Learning: Incorrect air-fuel mapping producing excessive CO
- 5.7Case: catalyst under-lighting caused by insufficient exhaust temperature
- 5.8Activity: Diagnose faults using sample OBD + emission data
- Final Case Study & Simulation Workshop2
Instructor
