Curriculum
- 6 Sections
- 48 Lessons
- 1 Day
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- Fundamentals of PM Emission & Soot Formation in IC Engines6
- 1.1What is PM? – PM10, PM2.5, ultrafine particles (UFP)
- 1.2PM composition: organic fraction, sulfate/ash, elemental carbon
- 1.3Particle size distribution (nucleation mode, accumulation mode)
- 1.4Fundamentals of soot formation chemistry
- 1.5Diesel vs gasoline PM behaviour (GDI engines, soot nucleation)
- 1.6Key Concepts: Fuel–air stratification; Spray-wall impingement; Nucleation vs accumulation particles; Agglomeration & coagulation; Aromatic content influence
- Sources of PM & Impact of Engine Parameters on Soot Formation10
- 2.1Impact of injection timing, multiple injections, rail pressure
- 2.2Swirl/tumble air motion → soot region formation
- 2.3Fuel atomization, droplet size distribution, nozzle hole wear
- 2.4EGR effects: higher soot due to oxygen dilution
- 2.5Turbocharger lag → spike in PM during transients
- 2.6Cold start, low-load & high-altitude PM rise
- 2.7Situation Based Learning : Soot rise due to poor injector spray pattern
- 2.8High PM during WLTC/WHTC due to transient air–fuel mismatch
- 2.9Unburnt HC causing soot at tailpipe during catalyst light-off
- 2.10Influence of biodiesel blends on PM formation
- PM Health & Environmental Impact + Regulatory Standards5
- PM Reduction Strategies & DPF Technology Concepts + Situational Awareness + Real Examples10
- 4.1Combustion optimization for PM reduction
- 4.2Rail pressure, multi-stage injections, boost behaviour
- 4.3Role of DOC in NO₂ creation for passive regeneration
- 4.4DPF working: filtration, cake layer, backpressure rise
- 4.5Passive vs active regeneration
- 4.6Thermal runaway, ash accumulation, substrate cracking
- 4.7Case Studies : High backpressure issues from ash accumulation
- 4.8Failed regenerations in city buses
- 4.9DPF efficiency drop due to bad fuel quality
- 4.10Soot loading misprediction causing warranty failures
- Applied Case Studies – PM Diagnostics & Troubleshooting8
- 5.1Soot spike during transient operation due to turbo lag
- 5.2DPF clogging in cold-region fleets
- 5.3Injector deterioration increasing PM at low loads
- 5.4Poor acceleration smoke due to EGR valve sticking
- 5.5Tools : Analyzing PM/PN traces
- 5.6Linking smoke opacity to soot chemistry
- 5.7DPF pressure drop analysis
- 5.8Identifying root cause: Air-path / injection / fuel / calibration / DPF
- Interactive Group Simulation – Improve PM Emissions of a Test Cycle9
- 6.1Exercise : Teams receive: PM/PN data logs
- 6.2Injection maps
- 6.3EGR traces
- 6.4Turbocharger speed & boost data
- 6.5DPF inlet/outlet pressure traces
- 6.6Task : Diagnose why PM exceeds limits during a certification cycle and propose calibration + hardware countermeasures
- 6.7Expected Outputs : Root-cause identification
- 6.8Immediate calibration levers
- 6.9Long-term hardware or control strategy solutions